New process for application-specific anti-reflective coatings
Whether eyewear, windshields, display windows or solar cells – nearly everyone uses products that reduce reflections without being aware of it. Researchers have now tested a novel technology for creating anti-reflective coatings on glass.
These coatings, while hardly visible to users, offer a different kind of challenge to scientists when applied to various substrates like plastic films and rigid or flexible glass. The main focus when coating the substrate is to develop a coating process that is economical and can match the properties of the layers to the purpose of the specific application.
Co-sputtering process
Researchers at Fraunhofer FEP have now tested a novel technology for creating anti-reflective coatings on glass. In a first step a gradient layer consisting of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and an additional supplementary component are deposited by means of a co-sputtering process. In a following process step the supplementary component is removed by an etching process. The result is a remnant layer of rough silicon dioxide. Thanks to the resultant continuous transition in optical properties from air to glass, anti-reflective behavior is exhibited by the surface of the glass.
Nanoetching the surface of polymers
A similar effect is offered by Fraunhofer FEP through its PolAR process for making plastic sheets or web anti-reflective. This process was originally developed jointly with Fraunhofer IOF and industrial partners. It nanoetches the surface of polymers directly by means of a plasma. The gradual transition in refractive index from air to polymer achieved this way is likewise anti-reflective.
No sharply defined wavelength restriction
In a conventional anti-reflective coating, layers of high and low refractive index are deposited of alternately. The disadvantage of this approach is the restricted wavelength range that its anti-reflective effect is confined to. The width of the range can only be broadened by use of a complex system of interferring layers. In contrast, anti-reflective coating systems based on effects caused by rough surfaces have no sharply defined wavelength restriction to their anti-reflective properties. This allows the prevention of reflection over a wide spectral range by coating with a single layer or a single plasma etching step, respectively. The color of the layers is also quite neutral.
Technology demonstrates feasibility for producing rough layers
“The layers achieved with the new process are characterized by a good mechanical durability and the reduction of reflections over a wide spectral range,” explains Thomas Preußner, researcher for large-area in-line processing at Fraunhofer FEP. Anti-reflective coatings are only one application example for the described novel co-sputtered method. The technology has demonstrated the feasibility for producing rough layers thus having the possibility to be applied in additional kinds of applications. It offers the potential of making battery and solar-cell electrodes larger and more effective through the use of rough layers, for example.
